Abstract Background: Natural Language Processing (NLP) is widely used to extract clinical
insights from Electronic Health Records (EHRs). However, the lack of annotated data …

This paper surveys the current state of the art in Natural Language Generation (NLG),
defined as the task of generating text or speech from non-linguistic input. A survey of NLG is …

Currently, there is little agreement as to how Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems
should be evaluated, with a particularly high degree of variation in the way that human …

Clustering is a solution for classifying enormous data when there is not any early knowledge
about classes. With emerging new concepts like cloud computing and big data and their vast …

Hercules Dalianis Secondary Use of Electronic Patient Records Page 1 Hercules Dalianis
Clinical Text Mining Secondary Use of Electronic Patient Records Page 2 Clinical Text …

Traditionally, most data-to-text applications have been designed using a modular pipeline
architecture, in which non-linguistic input data is converted into natural language through …

The Handbook of Natural Language Processing, Second Edition presents practical tools
and techniques for implementing natural language processing in computer systems. Along …

This article offers a survey of computational research on referring expression generation
(REG). It introduces the REG problem and describes early work in this area, discussing what …

There is growing interest in using automatically computed corpus-based evaluation metrics
to evaluate Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems, because these are often …

Background Health information technology (HIT) systems have the potential to reduce
delayed, missed or incorrect diagnoses. We describe and classify the current state of …