CD8+ T cells are end effectors of cancer immunity. Most forms of effective cancer
immunotherapy involve CD8+ T cell effector function. Here, we review the current …

Immunotherapy has been a remarkable clinical advancement in the treatment of cancer. T
cells are pivotal to the efficacy of current cancer immunotherapies, including immune …

Summary Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling transforms cancer therapy and is assumed to
unleash exhausted tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Combination therapy with PD-1 blockade and IL-2 is highly effective during chronic
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Here we examine the underlying basis for this …

Expansion and differentiation of antigen-experienced PD-1+ TCF-1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells
into effector cells is critical for the success of immunotherapies based on PD-1 blockade …

T cells can acquire a broad spectrum of differentiation states following activation. At the
extreme ends of this continuum are short-lived cells equipped with effector machinery and …

CD8+ T cells that respond to chronic viral infections or cancer are characterized by the
expression of inhibitory receptors such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and by …

Adaptive immunity provides protection against infectious and malignant diseases. These
effects are mediated by lymphocytes that sense and respond with targeted precision to …

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against tumors are maintained by stem-like
memory cells that self-renew but also give rise to effector-like cells. The latter gradually lose …

Virus-specific CD8+ T cells that differentiate in the context of resolved versus persisting
infections exhibit divergent phenotypic and functional characteristics, which suggests that …