In this article, we explore a variety of problems within the domain of calculus of variations,
specifically in the context of fractional calculus. The fractional derivative we consider …

This paper contains introduction, materials and methods, results and discussions,
conclusions and references. Based on the title mentioned, high volatility of the price of …

RSA [1] is one of the mostly used cryptosystem in securing data and information. Though, it
has been recently discovered that RSA has some weaknesses and in advance technology …

We develop a new variational calculus based in the general quantum difference operator
recently introduced by Hamza et al. In particular, we obtain optimality conditions for …

In this paper, we present a new fractional variational problem where the Lagrangian
depends not only on the independent variable, an unknown function and its left-and right …

This paper considers a non‐standard Optimal Control problem that has an application in
economics. The primary focus of this research is to solve the royalty problem, which has …

In this paper, we extend the variational problem of Herglotz considering the case where the
Lagrangian depends not only on the independent variable, an unknown function xx and its …

The fractional variational problem of Herglotz type for the case where the Lagrangian
depends on generalized fractional derivatives, the free endpoints conditions, and a real …

Chi-square (X2) test is a nonparametric statistical analyzing method often used in
experimental work where the data consists of frequencies or 'counts' for construction of any …

A current optimal control problem has the numerical properties that do not fall into the
standard optimal control problem detailing. In our concern, the state incentive at the final …