Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that
evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication …

In the last decade, the concept of animal stress has been stressed thin to accommodate the
effects of short-term changes in cell and tissue physiology, major behavioral syndromes in …

Soybean is one of the most important vegetable oil and protein feed crops. To capture the
entire genomic diversity, it is needed to construct a complete high-quality pan-genome from …

Olfactory receptors (ORs) detect odors in the environment, and OR genes constitute the
largest multigene family in mammals. Numbers of OR genes vary greatly among species …

Why do proteins evolve at different rates? Advances in systems biology and genomics have
facilitated a move from studying individual proteins to characterizing global cellular factors …

Background Although the overwhelming majority of genes found in angiosperms are
members of gene families, and both gene-and genome-duplication are pervasive forces in …

Teleost fishes provide the first unambiguous support for ancient whole-genome duplication
in an animal lineage. Studies in yeast or plants have shown that the effects of such …

Gene duplication is one of the key factors driving genetic innovation, ie, producing novel
genetic variants. Although the contribution of whole-genome and segmental duplications to …

The abundance and identity of functional variation segregating in natural populations is
paramount to dissecting the molecular basis of quantitative traits as well as human genetic …

Two of the most important observations from whole-genome sequences have been the high
rate of gene birth and death and the prevalence of large-scale duplication events, including …