Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Astrocytes are a type of glial cell that tile the CNS. They interact with multiple cell types,
including neurons, glial cells and blood vessels, and are involved or implicated in brain …

The ability to study cellular physiology using photosensitive, genetically encoded molecules
has profoundly transformed neuroscience. The modern optogenetic toolbox includes …

The mammalian visual system encodes information over a remarkable breadth of
spatiotemporal scales and light intensities. This performance originates with its complement …

Information is carried between brain regions through neurotransmitter release from axonal
presynaptic terminals. Understanding the functional roles of defined neuronal projection …

Degenerative retinal disorders are a diverse family of diseases commonly leading to
irreversible photoreceptor death, while leaving the inner retina relatively intact. Over recent …

Gq proteins are universally important for signal transduction in mammalian cells. The
underlying kinetics and transformation from extracellular stimuli into intracellular signaling …

Melanopsin is a visual pigment that is expressed in a small subset of intrinsically
photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). It is involved in regulating non-image forming …

Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues,
and organisms with tailored functions. Optogenetics has the advantages of …

Neurophotonics was launched in 2014 coinciding with the launch of the BRAIN Initiative
focused on development of technologies for advancement of neuroscience. For the last …