Key Points Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease Genetic causes of chronic kidney disease
(CKD) are not uncommon. Patients with CKD should be referred for genetic consultation and …

Owing to their ability to efficiently generate ATP required to sustain normal cell function,
mitochondria are often considered the 'powerhouses of the cell'. However, our …

Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies,
including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and …

Loss of normal kidney function affects more than 10% of the population and contributes to
morbidity and mortality. Kidney diseases are currently treated with immunosuppressive …

Glomerular Filtration and Albuminuria Chronic kidney diseases generally arise from a
disordered kidney filtration barrier within glomeruli. This review describes the roles of …

Mitochondria are organelles with vital functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. Often
described as the cellular 'powerhouses' due to their essential role in aerobic oxidative …

Mitochondrial division requires division of both the inner and outer mitochondrial
membranes (IMM and OMM, respectively). Interaction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) …

FSGS describes a renal histologic lesion with diverse causes and pathogenicities that are
linked by podocyte injury and depletion. Subclasses of FSGS include primary, genetic, and …

African trypanosomes are bloodstream protozoan parasites that infect mammals including
humans, where they cause slee** sickness. Long-lasting infection is required to favor …

Mitochondrial fission is fundamentally important to cellular physiology. The dynamin-related
protein Drp1 mediates fission, and interaction between mitochondrion and endoplasmic …