Over the last decade, extensive efforts have been made on utilizing advanced materials and
structures to improve the properties and functionalities of flexible electronics. While the …

Substantial research over the past two decades has established that extracellular matrix
(ECM) elasticity, or stiffness, affects fundamental cellular processes, including spreading …

Tough natural materials such as nacre, bone, and silk exhibit multiscale hierarchical
structures where distinct toughening mechanisms occur at each level of the hierarchy …

Soft self‐healing materials are compelling candidates for stretchable devices because of
their excellent compliance, extensibility, and self‐restorability. However, most existing soft …

Robust ionic sensing materials that are both fatigue-resistant and self-healable like human
skin are essential for soft electronics and robotics with extended service life. However, most …

Polymeric tissue adhesives provide versatile materials for wound management and are
widely used in a variety of medical settings ranging from minor to life-threatening tissue …

The ingeniously complex architectures of biological materials evolved in Nature are a
source of inspiration for the design of man-made materials. This has led to a major research …

Natural living systems such as wood frogs develop tissues composed of active hydrogels
with cryoprotectants to survive in cold environments. Recently, hydrogels have been …

Nature builds biological materials from limited ingredients, however, with unparalleled
mechanical performances compared to artificial materials, by harnessing inherent structures …

Biological systems have the powerful ability to self-heal. Human skin can, for example,
autonomously heal from wounds of various degrees, allowing it to restore its mechanical …