Temperature is critical in regulating virtually all biological functions in fish. Low temperature
stress (cold shock/stress) is an often‐overlooked challenge that many fish face as a result of …

The field of stress physiology has rapidly expanded, particularly in those fields interested in
identifying chronic stress in wild animals. Despite this expansion, stress remains difficult to …

Glucocorticoids are popular hormones to measure in both biomedical and ecological studies
of stress. Many assumptions used to interpret glucocorticoid results are derived from …

All organisms have a stress response system to cope with environmental threats, yet its
precise form varies hugely within and across individuals, populations, and species. While …

The phenomenon of reduced athletic performance following sustained, intense training
(Overtraining Syndrome, and OTS) was first recognized more than 90 years ago. Although …

The social environment is one of the primary sources of challenging stimuli that can induce a
stress response in animals. It comprises both short-term and stable interactions among …

The concept of stress is notoriously difficult to define, despite its ubiquity in both common
parlance and the scientific literature. Given the clear importance of understanding how …

Glucocorticoid (GC) variation has long been thought to reflect variation in organismal
'stress,'but associations between GCs and Darwinian fitness components are diverse in …

Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation has long been implicated in stress-
related disorders such as major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder …

Frailty is a complex syndrome affecting a growing sector of the global population as medical
developments have advanced human mortality rates across the world. Our current …