The last ten years of attention research have witnessed a revolution, replacing a theoretical
dichotomy (top-down vs. bottom-up control) with a trichotomy (biased by current goals …

Highlights•Associative reward learning biases attention in favor of reward-predictive
stimuli.•Reward-evoked dopamine release gives rise to plasticity in the visual system.•Such …

Stimuli associated with reward acquire the ability to automatically capture attention. It is also
the case that, with sufficient training, former targets can acquire the ability to capture …

In this Element, a framework is proposed in which it is assumed that visual selection is the
result of the interaction between top-down, bottom-up and selection-history factors. The …

Many studies have revealed that reward-associated features capture attention.
Neurophysiological evidence further suggests that this reward-driven attention effect …

Our attention is strongly influenced by reward learning. Stimuli previously associated with
monetary reward have been shown to automatically capture attention in both behavioral and …

The control of attention is influenced by current goals, physical salience, and selection
history. Under certain conditions, physically salient stimuli can be strategically suppressed …

Previously rewarded stimuli slow response times (RTs) during visual search, despite being
physically non-salient and no longer task-relevant or rewarding. Such value-driven …

To interact efficiently with the visual environment, one perceptually integrates fragmented
visual inputs into complete units. Another approach is to rely on previous experience to …

A great wealth of studies has investigated the capacity of motivationally relevant stimuli to
bias attention, suggesting that reward predicting cues are prioritized even when reward is no …