Abstract​​​​​​​ The 21 June 2019 Raikoke eruption (48° N, 153° E) generated one of
the largest amounts of sulfur emission to the stratosphere since the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo …

Abstract The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), operated by the
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts on behalf of the European …

Volcanic clouds detection is a challenge especially when meteorological clouds are present
in the same area. Several algorithms have been developed to detect and monitor volcanic …

The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai underwater volcano (20.57° S, 175.38° W) violently
erupted on 15 January 2022. The volcanic cloud's top height and initial evolution are …

Abstract Launched in May 2002, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measures the
upwelling radiance of the atmosphere in 2378 spectral channels ranging from 3.75 to 15.4 …

The Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Type II (HIRAS-II) aboard the Fengyun 3E
(FY-3E) satellite provides valuable data on the vertical distribution of atmospheric states …

Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) is a major air pollutant over oceans, which exacerbates ecological and
environmental issues like acid rain, ocean acidification, and air pollution. Over the past few …

In April of the year 2021, an eruptive volcanic event was introduced in the Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines Island by la Soufriére volcano, causing ingress of dioxide sulfur (SO_2) to …