Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are isolated from multiple biological tissues—adult bone
marrow and adipose tissues and neonatal tissues such as umbilical cord and placenta. In …

The biology of bone healing is a rapidly develo** science. Advances in transgenic and
gene‐targeted mice have enabled tissue and cell‐specific investigations of skeletal …

Chondrogenesis is a highly coordinated event in embryo development, adult homeostasis,
and repair of the vertebrate cartilage. Fate decisions and differentiation of chondrocytes …

SOX9 is a pivotal transcription factor in chondrocytes, a lineage essential in skeletogenesis.
Its mandatory role in transactivating many cartilage-specific genes is well established …

Decades of work have identified the signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of
chondrocytes during bone formation, from their initial induction from mesenchymal …

ABSTRACT SOX9 is a pivotal transcription factor in develo** and adult cartilage. Its gene
is expressed from the multipotent skeletal progenitor stage and is active throughout …

Sox transcription factors play widespread roles during development; however, their versatile
funtions have a relatively simple basis: the binding of a Sox protein alone to DNA does not …

Cartilage damage is a key feature of degenerative joint disorders—primarily osteoarthritis
(OA)—and chronic inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) …

The transcription factor Sox9 was first discovered in patients with campomelic dysplasia, a
haploinsufficiency disorder with skeletal deformities caused by dysregulation of Sox9 …

Objectives Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of cartilage
and increased subchondral bone within synovial joints. Wnt signaling affects the …