1. INTRODUCTION Any surface immersed in seawater is subjected to the settlement of
marine organisms (bacteria, algae, mollusks), known as fouling or biofouling. This unwanted …

Biofouling increases drag on marine vessels resulting in higher fuel consumption and can
also facilitate the transport of harmful non-indigenous species (NIS). Antifouling …

The search for new antifouling (AF) coatings that are environmentally benign has led to
renewed interest in the ways that micro‐organisms colonize substrates in the marine …

Any natural or artificial substratum exposed to seawater is quickly fouled by marine
microorganisms and later by macrofouling species. Microfouling organisms on the surface of …

To combat unwanted fouling on immersed hulls, biocidal antifouling coatings are commonly
applied to vessels trafficking the Baltic Sea. Here, the efficacy, environmental sustainability …

Antifouling paints are biocidal products applied to ship and boat hulls in order to prevent the
growth and settlement of marine organisms, ie fouling. The release of biocides from the …

Diatoms are a major component of microbial slimes that develop on man-made surfaces
placed in the marine environment. Toxic antifouling paints, as well as environmentally …

Surfaces immersed in seawater are rapidly colonized by various microorganisms, resulting
in the formation of heterogenic marine biofilms. These communities are known to influence …

Lowering fuel consumption of ships has gained a great deal of attention in maritime industry
with regards to both environmental and economic concerns. The potential for fuel economy …

Skin-friction results are presented for fouling-release (FR) hull coatings in the unexposed,
clean condition and after dynamic exposure to diatomaceous biofilms for 3 and 6 months …