As the research on artificial intelligence booms, there is broad interest in brain‐inspired
computing using novel neuromorphic devices. The potential of various emerging materials …

Decades of neurobiological research have disclosed the diverse manners in which the
response properties of neurons are dynamically modulated to support adaptive cognitive …

Placebo effects are notable demonstrations of mind–body interactions,. During pain
perception, in the absence of any treatment, an expectation of pain relief can reduce the …

A key assumption of optogenetics is that light only affects opsin-expressing neurons.
However, illumination invariably heats tissue, and many physiological processes are …

Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …

Synaptic plasticity is believed to be a key physiological mechanism for learning. It is well
established that it depends on pre-and postsynaptic activity. However, models that rely …

The mesocorticolimbic pathway is canonically known as the" reward pathway." Embedded
within the center of this circuit is the striatum, a massive and complex network hub that …

The cortex projects to the dorsal striatum topographically, to regulate behaviour,–, but
spiking activity in the two structures has previously been reported to have markedly different …

The striatal and pallidal complexes are basal ganglia structures that orchestrate learning
and execution of flexible behavior. Models of how the basal ganglia subserve these …

Learning drives behavioral adaptations necessary for survival. While plasticity of excitatory
projection neurons during associative learning has been extensively studied, little is known …