The synaptic hypothesis of schizophrenia has been highly influential. However, new
approaches mean there has been a step-change in the evidence available, and some tenets …

During evolution, the cerebral cortex advances by increasing in surface and the introduction
of new cytoarchitectonic areas among which the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered to be …

The neurodevelopmental and dopamine hypotheses are leading theories of the
pathoetiology of schizophrenia, but they were developed in isolation. However, since they …

Life history theory argues that exposure to early life adversity (ELA) accelerates
development, although existing evidence for this varies. We present a meta-analysis and …

Adult cortical areas consist of specialized cell types and circuits that support unique higher-
order cognitive functions. How this regional diversity develops from an initially uniform …

The evolution of the modern human brain was accompanied by distinct molecular and
cellular specializations, which underpin our diverse cognitive abilities but also increase our …

The human CNS follows a pattern of development typical of all mammals, but certain
neurodevelopmental features are highly derived. Building the human CNS requires the …

INTRODUCTION Improved understanding of how the develo** human nervous system
differs from that of closely related nonhuman primates is fundamental for teasing out human …

The executive functions allow for purposeful, deliberate, and intentional interactions with the
world—attention and focus, impulse control, decision making, and working memory. These …

Dendritic spines are small protrusions studding neuronal dendrites, first described in 1888
by Ramón y Cajal using his famous Golgi stainings. Around 50 years later the advance of …