The development and use of entomopathogens as classical, conservation and augmentative
biological control agents have included a number of successes and some setbacks in the …

Simple Summary The moth larvae are among the most damaging pest species on crops
worldwide. In this review, we focus on the genus Spodoptera, which can feed on many crops …

During the past decade the pesticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis has been the subject
of intensive research. These efforts have yielded considerable data about the complex …

The genetics of arthropod resistance have been studied since the early 20th century, when
Harlan (1916) demonstrated that resistance to the leaf blister mite, Eriophyes gossypii …

▪ Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a valuable source of insecticidal proteins for use in
conventional sprayable formulations and in transgenic crops, and it is the most promising …

After more than 70 years of chemical pesticide use, modern agriculture is increasingly using
biological control products. Resistances to conventional insecticides are wide spread, while …

Evolution of resistance by insect pests threatens the continued effectiveness of Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in sprays and transgenic crops. Fitness costs of Bt resistance occur …

In nuclear transgenic plants, expression of multiple genes requires introduction of individual
genes and time-consuming subsequent backcrosses to reconstitute multi-subunit proteins or …

The Vip3A protein, secreted by Bacillus spp. during the vegetative stage of growth,
represents a new family of insecticidal proteins. In our investigation of the mode of action of …

The continual need to increase food production necessitates the development and
application of novel biotechnologies to enable the provision of improved crop varieties in a …