This review surveys the large variety of mechanical interactions between wind and plants,
from plant organs to plant systems. These interactions range from leaf flutter to uprooting …

The flap** or bending of a flexible planar structure in a surrounding fluid flow, which
includes the flap** of flags and the self-streamlining of flexible bodies, constitutes a …

Through an extensive and systematic experimental investigation of two geometries of
flexible plates in air, it is shown that a properly defined scaled Cauchy number allows …

Plants live in constantly moving fluid, whether air or water. In response to the loads
associated with fluid motion, plants bend and twist, often with great amplitude. These large …

The dynamics of an inverted flexible plate with a free leading-edge and a fixed trailing-edge
in a uniform flow has been studied numerically by an immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann …

The influence of trees in urban areas is typically assessed using urban microclimate models.
These models rely on wind tunnel experiments using small-scale tree models to verify and …

Wing flexibility governs the flying performance of flap**-wing flyers. Here, we use a self-
propelled flap**-wing model mounted on a “merry go round” to investigate the effect of …

The effects of leaf shape, serration, roughness and flexural rigidity on drag force imposed by
flowing water and its time variability were experimentally studied in an open-channel flume …

Slender flexible structures such as plants are deformed by external flow. When the
deformation is significant, this results in a reduction of drag. We give a theoretical value of …

Because of their flexibility, trees and other plants deform with great amplitude (reconfigure)
when subjected to fluid flow. Hence the drag they encounter does not grow with the square …