Light is a form of energy that can be converted to electric and chemical energies. Thus,
organic photovoltaics (OPVs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), photocatalysts, and …

Following structural dynamics in real time is a fundamental goal towards a better
understanding of chemical reactions. Recording snapshots of individual molecules with …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and table-top sources of x-rays based upon high
harmonic generation (HHG) have revolutionized the field of ultrafast x-ray atomic and …

In this review, we describe the application of Boltzmann kinetic equations for modelling
warm dense matter and plasma formed after irradiation of solid materials with intense …

X-ray free-electron lasers enable the investigation of the structure and dynamics of diverse
systems, including atoms, molecules, nanocrystals and single bioparticles, under extreme …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enable crystallographic structure determination beyond
the limitations imposed upon synchrotron measurements by radiation damage. The need for …

Multi-electron dynamics in atoms and molecules very often occur on sub-to few-femtosecond
time scales. The available intensities of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulses have …

Based on high quality surgery and scientific data, scientists and surgeons are committed to
protecting patients as well as healthcare staff and hereby provide this Guidance to address …

Since a few breakthroughs in the fundamental understanding of the effects of swift heavy
ions (SHIs) decelerating in the electronic stop** regime in the matter have been achieved …

Oscillators are at the heart of optical lasers, providing stable, transform-limited pulses. Until
now, laser oscillators have been available only in the infrared to visible and near-ultraviolet …