Pupil‐size changes are typically associated with the pupil light response (PLR), where they
are driven by the physical entry of light into the eye. However, pupil‐size changes are also …

Highlights•Arousal state fluctuates impacting brain and behavior.•Some fluctuations result
from norepinephrine signaling by the locus coeruleus.•Prior theories explain these as a …

Perceptual decision-making is highly dependent on the momentary arousal state of the
brain, which fluctuates over time on a scale of hours, minutes, and even seconds. The …

Pupil dynamics has emerged as a critical non-invasive indicator of brain state changes. In
particular, pupillary-light-responses (PLR) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show …

Arousal refers to changes in brain-body state underpinning motivated behavior but lacks a
proper definition and taxonomy. Neuroscience and psychology textbooks offer surprisingly …

Moment-to-moment fluctuations in arousal can have large effects on learning and memory.
For example, when neutral items are predictive of a later reward, they are often remembered …

Abstract “Pavlovian” or “motivational” biases describe the phenomenon that the valence of
prospective outcomes modulates action invigoration: Reward prospect invigorates action …

Pupil size and blink rates are heritable but the extent to which they interact with one another
has not been properly investigated. Though changes in pupil size due to eye blinks have …

The arousal systems of the brainstem, specifically the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline
system, respond “phasically” during decisions. These central arousal transients are …

This manuscript presents a Pre-AttentiveGaze dataset. One of the defining characteristics of
gaze-based authentication is the necessity for a rapid response. In this study, we …