Our knowledge of the pathophysiology about traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still limited.
Neutrophils, as the most abundant leukocytes in circulation and the first-line transmigrated …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent growth factor playing diverse roles in
vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In the brain, VEGF mediates angiogenesis, neural …

Numerous studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can ameliorate
neurological deficits in ischemic stroke models. Among the various hypotheses that have …

Adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone is a topic of intense research, since it has vast
implications for the fundamental understanding of the neurobiology of the brain and its …

Transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) has been reported to play important roles in
neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the injured brain. The present study characterizes a …

Recent advancements in stem cell biology and neuromodulation have ushered in a battery
of new neurorestorative therapies for ischemic stroke. While the understanding of stroke …

Stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of stroke have received considerable attention.
Two broad approaches to stem cell-based therapies have been taken: the transplantation of …

Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in defined brain niches, including the subventricular zone
(SVZ), throughout adulthood and generate new neurons destined to support specific …

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death worldwide, and current therapeutic options are
very limited. Preconditioning with an ischemic or hypoxic insult is beneficial in experimental …

The physiological and pathological properties of the neural germinal stem cell niche have
been well-studied in the past 30 years, mainly in animals and within given limits in humans …