Changing El Niño–Southern oscillation in a warming climate

W Cai, A Santoso, M Collins, B Dewitte… - Nature Reviews Earth & …, 2021‏ - nature.com
Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has highly
consequential global impacts, motivating the need to understand its responses to …

Pantropical climate interactions

W Cai, L Wu, M Lengaigne, T Li, S McGregor, JS Kug… - Science, 2019‏ - science.org
BACKGROUND Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropics have a profound influence on
the climate system. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is spawned in the tropical …

Three-ocean interactions and climate variability: a review and perspective

C Wang - Climate Dynamics, 2019‏ - Springer
Abstract Interactions among the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans through ocean–
atmosphere coupling can initiate and/or modulate climate variability. The Pacific Ocean is …

The defining characteristics of ENSO extremes and the strong 2015/2016 El Niño

A Santoso, MJ Mcphaden, W Cai - Reviews of Geophysics, 2017‏ - Wiley Online Library
The year 2015 was special for climate scientists, particularly for the El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) research community, as a major El Niño finally materialized after a long …

The teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the stratosphere

DIV Domeisen, CI Garfinkel… - Reviews of Geophysics, 2019‏ - Wiley Online Library
El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on
the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) …