Background The relationship between surgery and anesthetic-induced immunosuppression
and cancer recurrence remains unresolved. Surgery and anesthesia stimulate the …

Surgery is an important treatment modality for the majority of solid organ cancers.
Unfortunately, cancer recurrence following surgery of curative intent is common, and …

Oncological surgery and anesthesia both stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)
axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The HPA axis suppresses the host immune …

Oncological surgery and anesthesia both stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)
axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The HPA axis suppresses the host immune …

Purpose Cancer-related mortality, a leading cause of death worldwide, is often the result of
metastatic disease recurrence. Anesthetic techniques have varying effects on innate and …

Background Animal models and retrospective clinical data suggest that certain anaesthetic
techniques can attenuate immunosuppression and minimize metastasis after cancer …

Metastasis can occur following surgical resection of solid tumors and metastasis is the main
cause of cancer death. The role of anesthetics used during surgery in cancer metastasis and …

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β
(TGF-β) have been involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Sevoflurane may promote …

Background To clarify the effect of anaesthetic agents on cancer immunity, we evaluated the
effects of propofol and sevoflurane on natural killer (NK) cell, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) …

Cancer, currently the leading cause of death in the population aged less than 85 years,
poses a significant global disease burden and is anticipated to continue to increase in …