Advances in sensor technology has enabled the development of small, relatively
inexpensive, and low-power sensors, which are connected together through wireless …

This paper proposes a novel energy-aware and layering-based clustering and routing
protocol (EA-CRP) for gathering data in WSNs. The main goal of EA-CRP is to reduce the …

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in wireless sensor networks because of
their potential usage in a wide variety of applications such as remote environmental …

The most recent decade has seen a develo** enthusiasm for the utilization of Unmanned
Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for different services and applications. UAVs, or as known as drones …

Abstract Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides connection oriented and reliable
transport layer services. Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are autonomous and …

Establishing stable routes over high mobility networks is a challenging field and
consequently brought the attention of a lot of current researchers. In this article, a new …

Abstract The Threshold-based Low-energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (T-LEACH)
protocol declares that cluster heads do not have to turn over every round but rather every …

Advances introduced to electronics and electromagnetics leverage the production of low-
cost and small wireless sensors. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of large amount …

Due to its simplicity, efficiency, and robustness to mobility, the On-Demand Multicast Routing
Protocol (ODMRP) becomes a standout amongst the most broadly utilized multicast routing …

There are many existing clustering protocols that aim at making the sensor network stay
functioning longer out of which Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and …