The software for spatial econometrics available in the R system for statistical computing is
reviewed. The methods are illustrated in a historical perspective, highlighting the main lines …

This review focuses on the analysis of temporal beta diversity, which is the variation in
community composition along time in a study area. Temporal beta diversity is measured by …

Community ecology aims to understand what factors determine the assembly and dynamics
of species assemblages at different spatiotemporal scales. To facilitate the integration …

Identifying adaptive loci can provide insight into the mechanisms underlying local
adaptation. Genotype–environment association (GEA) methods, which identify these loci …

Beta diversity can be measured in different ways. Among these, the total variance of the
community data table Y can be used as an estimate of beta diversity. We show how the total …

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the world's most important food crops, and is comprised largely
of japonica and indica subspecies. Here, we reconstruct the history of rice dispersal in Asia …

Climate change and habitat loss present serious threats to nature. Yet, due to a lack of
historical land-use data, the potential for land-use change and baseline land-use conditions …

The Mantel test is widely used in biology, including landscape ecology and genetics, to
detect spatial structures in data or control for spatial correlation in the relationship between …

Aim This paper presents the statistical bases for temporal beta‐diversity analysis, a method
to study changes in community composition through time from repeated surveys at several …

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in mediating community structure and
metabolic activities of belowground biota. Unraveling the evolution of belowground …