Approximately 25 years ago, ecologists became increasingly interested in the question of
whether ongoing biodiversity loss matters for the functioning of ecosystems. As such, a new …

The deep sea (> 200 m depth) encompasses> 95% of the world's ocean volume and
represents the largest and least explored biome on Earth (< 0.0001% of ocean surface), yet …

More than 500 controlled experiments have collectively suggested that biodiversity loss
reduces ecosystem productivity and stability,,. Yet the importance of biodiversity in …

Mangroves are amongst the most productive marine ecosystems on Earth, providing a
unique habitat opportunity for many species and key goods and services for human beings …

Ecosystems in remote regions tend to be highly specific, having historically evolved over
long timescales in relatively constant environmental conditions, with little human influence …

As human activities increasingly threaten biodiversity [1, 2], areas devoid of intense human
impacts are vital refugia [3]. These wilderness areas contain high genetic diversity, unique …

Sedimentary habitats cover most of the ocean bottom and therefore constitute the largest
single ecosystem on Earth in spatial coverage. The benthic ecosystem contributes to human …

Forests are of major importance to human society, contributing several crucial ecosystem
services. Biodiversity is suggested to positively influence multiple services but evidence from …

In an era of human activities, global environmental changes, habitat loss and species
extinction, conservation strategies are a crucial step toward minimizing biodiversity loss. For …

Human well-being relies critically on ecosystem services provided by nature. Examples
include water and air quality regulation, nutrient cycling and decomposition, plant pollination …