Monolithic components are often insufficient when a combination of conflicting properties, or
a variation in properties at different regions within a material is required. Functionally graded …

Cylindrical structures consisted of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are frequently used
in various engineering applications in the modern aerospace, marine, nuclear and military …

Functionally graded materials, including their characterization, properties and production
methods are a new rapidly develo** field of materials science. The aims of this review are …

A building integrated multifunctional roofing system has been designed to harvest solar
energy through photovoltaics (PVs) and heat utilization while minimizing PV efficiency loss …

In this paper, a new higher order shear deformation model is developed for static and free
vibration analysis of functionally graded beams with considering porosities that may possibly …

This paper examines the influence of alternative micromechanical models on the
macroscopic behavior of a functionally graded plate based on classical and shear …

A hybrid solar panel has been invented to integrate photovoltaic (PV) cells onto a substrate
through a functionally graded material (FGM) with water tubes cast inside, through which …

The two-dimensional functionally graded materials,(2D-FGMs) have been recently
introduced in order to significantly reduce the thermal stresses in machine elements that …

Materials that are either manufactured or occur in nature and used both in industry and in
our daily lives (metals, rocks, wood, soil, suspensions, and biological tissue) are very …

Analytical method for the second-order homogenization of two-phase composites within
Mindlin–Toupin strain gradient elasticity theory is proposed. Direct approach and self …