Throughout Earth's history, CO2 is thought to have exerted a fundamental control on
environmental change. Here we review and revise CO2 reconstructions from boron isotopes …

A hidden carbon cycle exists inside Earth. Every year, megatons of carbon disappear into
subduction zones, affecting atmospheric carbon dioxide and oxygen over Earth's history …

The geological record encodes the relationship between climate and atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) over long and short timescales, as well as potential drivers of evolutionary …

Abstract The Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) was a climate shift from a largely ice-free
greenhouse world to an icehouse climate, involving the first major glaciation of Antarctica …

Abstract The Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO, which occurred about 51 to 53 million
years ago), was the warmest interval of the past 65 million years, with mean annual surface …

The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to have been the most recent time
that Earth's atmospheric CO 2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean …

We review the ages of Quaternary magnetic polarity reversals and magnetic excursions.
Improvements in radioisotopic 40 Ar/39 Ar dating of reversals and excursions reflect the use …

Current understanding of the long-term carbon cycle posits that Earth's climate is stabilized
by a negative feedback involving CO 2 consumption by chemical weathering of silicate …

Abstract The Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; ca. 17–14.7 Ma) represents one of several
major interruptions in the long-term cooling trend of the past 50 my To date, the processes …

Over the course of the Neogene, the Earth underwent profound climatic shifts from the
sustained warmth of the middle Miocene to the development of Plio-Pleistocene glacial …