This article presents a theoretical review of and methodological guidelines for the study of
two key notions in second language acquisition research, complexity and difficulty. The term …

Despite the building up of research on the adoption of automated writing evaluation (AWE)
systems, the differential effects of automated written corrective feedback (AWCF) on errors …

With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence, automatic writing evaluation (AWE) has
received much attention from English Foreign Language (EFL) writing teachers. However …

The issue of how manipulating task-design factors may impact second language writing
needs further exploration. In this study, task complexity was manipulated by changing the …

Learners' metacognitive competencies play a vital role in affecting their learning outcomes,
especially for language learners who need to write in English as a foreign language (EFL) …

Grounded in the activity theory, we adopted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods
approach to explore the impact of automated written corrective feedback (AWCF) on English …

While there have been studies that explored complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) as an
index of language proficiency, studies that comprehensively examined the inter-variations in …

The orthographic and morphological system of Mandarin Chinese requires more time and
developmental stages for learners to acquire. This source of difficulty might present unique …

The present study explored the development of writing performance and discourse
organization in Chinese as a second language (L2) writing, focusing on the effects of genre …

Discourse competence is a critical component of academic writing, as it influences the
coherence, cohesion, and overall structure of a text. This article reports on the development …