The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first
identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that has a central role in signaling pathways
involved in numerous physiological processes (eg, vasodilation, neurotransmission …

Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an essential non-enzymatic antioxidant in mammalian cells.
GSH can act directly as an antioxidant to protect cells against free radicals and pro-oxidants …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex and dynamic organelle that regulates many
cellular pathways, including protein synthesis, protein quality control, and lipid synthesis …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile signaling
molecules coordinating physiological and pathophysiological processes. While channels …

The free radicals along with several reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen
species (RNS) are known to play a dual role in the biological living system which carries a …

As the first discovered gaseous signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) affects a number of
cellular processes, including those involving vascular cells. This brief review summarizes …

Nitric oxide (NO) works as a retrograde neurotransmitter in synapses, allows the brain blood
flow and also has important roles in intracellular signaling in neurons from the regulation of …

The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by
reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely …

In humans, the glutathione S-transferases (GST) protein family is composed of seven
members that present remarkable structural similarity and some degree of overlap** …