Thyroid hormones are crucial for organismal development and homeostasis. In humans,
untreated congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid agenesis inevitably leads to cretinism …

The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent and migratory cell population that generates
an astonishingly diverse array of cell types during vertebrate development. These cells …

Individuals affected with developmental disorders of speech and language have substantial
difficulty acquiring expressive and/or receptive language in the absence of any profound …

In type I blepharophimosis/ptosis/epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES), eyelid
abnormalities are associated with ovarian failure. Type II BPES shows only the eyelid …

The primary function of the thyroid gland is to metabolize iodide by synthesizing thyroid
hormones, which are critical regulators of growth, development and metabolism in almost all …

Transcription factors are modular proteins where distinct functions, such as DNA binding,
trans-activation or trans-repression, are often contained within separable domains. DNA …

Thyroid gland organogenesis results in an organ the shape, size, and position of which are
largely conserved among adult individuals of the same species, thus suggesting that genetic …

Identification of the thyroid transcription factors (TTFs), NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8 and HHEX,
has considerably advanced our understanding of thyroid development, congenital thyroid …

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may be primary, due to a defect affecting the thyroid gland
itself, or central, due to impaired thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-mediated stimulation of …

The epithelial and mesenchymal cells involved in early embryonic facial development are
guided by complex regulatory mechanisms. Any factor perturbing the growth, approach and …