Coral reef ecosystems have suffered an unprecedented loss of habitat-forming hard corals
in recent decades. While marine conservation has historically focused on passive habitat …

Coral reef restoration is an increasingly important part of tropical marine conservation.
Information about what motivates coral reef restoration as well as its success and cost is not …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Restoration is becoming a vital tool to counteract coastal ecosystem degradation. Modifying
transplant designs of habitat-forming organisms from dispersed to clumped can amplify …

Declines in habitat structural complexity have marked ecological outcomes, as currently
observed in many of the world's ecosystems. Coral reefs have provided a model for such …

Structural complexity provided by the living coral reef framework is the basis of the rich and
dynamic biodiversity in coral reefs. In many cases today, the reduction in habitat complexity …

Coastal marine ecosystems provide critical goods and services to humanity but many are
experiencing rapid degradation. The need for effective restoration tools capable of …

Coral reef ecosystems are under increasing pressure from local and regional stressors and
a changing climate. Current management focuses on reducing stressors to allow for natural …

Coastal wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world. They generate
critical services for humans including shoreline protection, carbon storage, pollution …

Incorporating ecological processes into restoration planning is increasingly recognized as a
fundamental component of successful restoration strategies. We outline a scientific …