Epidemiological evidence links an individual's susceptibility to chronic disease in adult life to
events during their intrauterine phase of development. Biologically this should not be …

Glucocorticoid action on target tissues is determined by the density of “nuclear” receptors
and intracellular metabolism by the two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase …

An adverse foetal environment is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular,
metabolic, neuroendocrine and psychological disorders in adulthood. Exposure to stress …

Epidemiological evidence suggests that an adverse prenatal environment
permanently'programs' physiology and increases the risk of cardiovascular, metabolic …

The environment in which the fetus develops is critical for its survival and long-term health.
The regulation of normal human fetal growth involves many multidirectional interactions …

Fetal programming occurs when the normal pattern of fetal development is disrupted by an
abnormal stimulus or 'insult'applied at a critical point in in utero development. This then …

The placenta plays a key role in pregnancy, mediating exchanges between mother and fetus
and maternal tolerance of fetopaternal antigens. In some species, it also produces …

Continuous efforts have been devoted to unraveling the biophysiology and development of
the human fetal adrenal cortex, which is structurally and functionally unique from other …

Physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important regulatory role
through various signaling transduction pathways in folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation …

Introduction: The developmental origins of disease or fetal programming model predicts that
intrauterine exposures have life long consequences for physical and psychological health …