It is difficult to reuse wastes from polymers due to the mismatch between the amount of
contaminants and the secondary polymers and the quality of the feed. This type of operation …

The construction industry in the 21st century faces numerous global challenges associated
with growing concerns for the environment. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of …

In this review article, polyurethane (PU) foam materials are presented in various industrial
applications. PU foams have started to replace metals and plastics in various engineering …

Adhesives––the resins widely used in particleboards, oriented strength boards, and
plywood––are traditionally produced from fossil-based polymers. Owing to the toxicity …

After being undervalued for a long-time, the potential use of lignins have gained interest as a
source of wealth from waste. Despite the complexity of lignins chemical structure, its high …

Lignin is the second most abundant natural material on the earth. Commercially, it is
generated as a waste product from the paper and ethanol production. The worldwide …

Despite the enormous research efforts in recent years regarding lignin depolymerisation and
functionalisation, few commercial products are available. This review provides a summary …

Thermosets have many advantages such as excellent mechanical properties, dimensional
stability, and chemical and environmental resistance, but suffer from unsustainability …

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic polymer in nature. Due to its high amount of phenolic
compounds storage, lignin is considered as an alternative source for various polymers and …

Polyurethanes (PUs) are a versatile and major polymer family, mainly produced via
polyaddition between polyols and polyisocyanates. A large variety of fossil-based building …