Variability in the environment defines the structure and dynamics of all living systems, from
organisms to ecosystems. Species have evolved traits and strategies that allow them to …

Research on the physiological causes of senescence aim to identify common physiological
mechanisms that explain age-related declines in fitness across taxonomic groups …

Background Glucocorticoid hormones are known to play a key role in mediating a cascade
of physiological responses to social and ecological stressors and can therefore influence …

Fluctuations in environmental temperature affect energy metabolism and stimulate the
expression of reversible phenotypic plasticity in vertebrate behavioural and physiological …

Chronic stress [ie long-term elevation of glucocorticoid (GC) levels] and aging have similar,
negative effects on the functioning of an organism. Aged individuals' declining ability to …

Predation is a strong selective force that affects animal population dynamics either through
direct killing or predation risk effects. Although recent empirical research has shown that the …

The risk of predation can cause strong antipredator behaviors and marked stress‐induced
changes in physiology. In mothers, predator‐induced stress can reduce reproductive fitness …

A critical time in the life of a male occurs at reproduction, when his behaviour, physiology
and resources must be brought to bear for the central purpose of his life—propagating his …

Reactive scope predicts that all animals have an adaptive ability to respond to stressors in
their environment, termed reactive homeostasis, and that only when an animal's response to …

The Earth's climate is changing at an unprecedented rate and, as ecologists, we are
challenged with the difficult task of predicting how individuals and populations will respond …