IIoT is evolving as the future of system and process integration across Operations
Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT). The dynamic nature of OT and IT across …

One key role in industrial control systems (ICSs) is known as Programmable Logic Controller
(PLC). However, with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), PLCs have become …

The smart-grid introduces several new data-gathering, communication, and information-
sharing capabilities into the electrical system, as well as additional privacy threats …

Abstract Model-based predictive control (MPC) is an advanced control method that is used
to achieve energy and cost savings in building energy management. However, there are …

Smart grid capabilities have grown significantly in recent years. The smart grid provides
advanced real-time handling of faults, advanced automatic control for efficient electricity …

Various communication protocols are necessary for industrial automation in order for
devices and systems to exchange data and control signals [20, 21, 24]. These procedures …

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), is a reliable connection oriented end-to-end protocol.
It contains within itself, mechanisms for ensuring reliability by requiring the receiver to …

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) offers significant advantages for modern networks,
including flexibility, centralized control, and reduced dependency on vendor-specific …

The applications of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are the most seen in
the elevator industry due to their high efficiency, low losses and the potential for high energy …

The use of vulnerability scanners, as a rule, is aimed at finding vulnerabilities in the network
infrastructure of industrial networks for their subsequent elimination. In automated mode …