Racial stress, racial trauma, and evidence-based strategies for co** and empowerment

SC Holmes, M Zare, AM Haeny… - Annual Review of …, 2024‏ - annualreviews.org
Racial stress and racial trauma refer to psychological, physiological, and behavioral
responses to race-based threats and discriminatory experiences. This article reviews the …

An initial framework for the study of internalized racism and health: Internalized racism as a racism‐induced identity threat response

D James - Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2022‏ - Wiley Online Library
Internalized racism (IR) is sometimes conceptualized as a form of racism, a psychological
response to experiencing racism, and/or an external sociocultural process. However, while a …

Racial discrimination and health outcomes among racial/ethnic minorities: A meta‐analytic review

RT Carter, MY Lau, V Johnson… - Journal of Multicultural …, 2017‏ - Wiley Online Library
In this meta-analysis, the authors reviewed 105 studies on the relationships between racial
discrimination and health outcomes among racial/ethnic minority Americans. The authors …

[PDF][PDF] Theories of personality

DP Schultz, SE Schultz, M Enos - 2009‏ - 111.68.96.114
Each edition of a textbook must be as vital, dynamic, and responsive to change as the field it
covers. To remain an effective teaching instrument, it must reflect the development of the …

African American historical trauma: Creating an inclusive measure

KN Williams‐Washington… - Journal of Multicultural …, 2018‏ - Wiley Online Library
Research indicates that race-based discrimination is detrimental to the mental and physical
health of African Americans. The authors sought preliminary evidence of internal …

Reactions to racial discrimination: Emotional stress and help-seeking behaviors.

RT Carter, J Forsyth - Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research …, 2010‏ - psycnet.apa.org
Abstract This study examines Black, Latino, Asian American, American Indian and Biracial
participants'(N= 260) emotional and psychological reactions to encounters with racism, and …

Black cultural strengths and psychosocial well-being: An empirical analysis with Black American adults

VE Johnson, RT Carter - Journal of Black Psychology, 2020‏ - journals.sagepub.com
Based on historical literature, Black Americans have persisted through centuries of
oppression in North America. To survive, they retained Africultural values and adopted …

The role of ethnic identity in symptoms of anxiety and depression in African Americans

MT Williams, LK Chapman, J Wong, E Turkheimer - Psychiatry research, 2012‏ - Elsevier
Ethnic identity has been identified as a factor contributing to resilience and co** in African
Americans. Ethnic identity includes positive feelings of ethnic affirmation and belonging …

Vicarious racism: A qualitative analysis of experiences with secondhand racism in graduate education

KA Truong, SD Museus, KM McGuire - International Journal of …, 2016‏ - Taylor & Francis
In this article, the authors examine the role of vicarious racism in the experiences of doctoral
students of color. The researchers conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 26 …

[كتاب][B] Measuring the effects of racism: Guidelines for the assessment and treatment of race-based traumatic stress injury

RT Carter, AL Pieterse - 2019‏ - degruyter.com
Despite policy statements and proclamations of the importance of racial/ethnic diversity or
multicultural considerations in training and practice for mental health professionals, the real …