The use of buffers to maintain the pH within a desired range is a very common practice in
chemical, biochemical and biological studies. Among them, zwitterionic N-substituted …

DNA electrophoresis has been a dominant technique in molecular biology for 30 years. The
foundation for this common technique is based on a few simple electrochemical principles …

Figure 1. Sodium boric acid (SB) performance in agarose DNA electrophoresis as compared
to commonly used conductive media. Gels comprised 1.2%(lanes 1− 4) and 0.7%(lanes 5 …

Edited by renowned protein scientist and bestselling author Roger L. Lundblad, with the
assistance of Fiona M. Macdonald of CRC Press, this fifth edition of the Handbook of …

The aim of this work is to overview the specific effect of pH buffers in biological systems. The
pH of a buffer solution changes only slightly when a small amount of a strong acid or bases …

Supplying and maintaining appropriate culture conditions is critical to minimize stress
imposed upon gametes and embryos and to optimize the in-vitro environment. One …

Purpose Minimizing environmental stress helps maintain cellular homeostasis and is a
crucial component in optimizing embryo development in vitro and resulting ART success …

In a situation which is far from ideal, many buffers have been found to be quite reactive,
besides maintaining their stable pH values. On the basis of apparent transfer free energies …

The specific effects of salts (strong electrolytes) on biomolecular properties have been
investigated for more than a century. By contrast, the specific role of pH buffers (weak …

The last three decades have seen considerable progress in the development of culture
media for ART and infertility treatment. Basic research on the metabolism of mammalian …