Wnts are secreted, lipid-modified proteins that bind to different receptors on the cell surface
to activate canonical or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, which control various …

Bone stress injuries, including stress fractures, are overuse injuries that lead to substantial
morbidity in active individuals. These injuries occur when excessive repetitive loads are …

The WNT–β-catenin system is an evolutionary conserved signalling pathway that is of
particular importance for morphogenesis and cell organization during embryogenesis. The …

The process of bone remodeling is the result of the regulated balance between bone cell
populations, namely bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the …

Osteocytes, former osteoblasts encapsulated by mineralized bone matrix, are far from being
passive and metabolically inactive bone cells. Instead, osteocytes are multifunctional and …

Osteocytes, the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone, are the master regulators of
bone remodeling. In addition to their functions in endocrine regulation and calcium and …

The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …

Bone remodeling is essential for adult bone homeostasis. It comprises two phases: bone
formation and resorption. The balance between the two phases is crucial for sustaining bone …

After discovering that lack of Sost/sclerostin expression is the cause of the high bone mass
human syndromes Van Buchem disease and sclerosteosis, extensive animal …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) plays a
fundamental role in the regulation of bone organogenesis through the activation of receptor …