The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase expressed mainly in neutrophils
and to a lesser degree in monocytes. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide and halides …

Abstract Aim The “2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management
of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation” provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the …

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
extensive evidence review was conducted, focusing on 2006 through October 2012 and …

The past few decades have generated growing recognition that the immune system makes
an important contribution to cardiac development, composition and function. Immune cells …

The atria provide an important contribution to cardiac function. 1, 2 Besides their impact on
ventricular filling, they serve as a volume reservoir, host pacemaker cells and important parts …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. However, the development of
preventative therapies for AF has been disappointing. The infiltration of immune cells and …

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a member of the superfamily of heme peroxidases that is mainly
expressed in neutrophils and monocytes. MPO-derived reactive species play a key role in …

Background Atrial fibrillation and heart failure often coexist, causing substantial
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. β blockers are indicated in patients with symptomatic …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with structural, electrical, and contractile remodeling of
the atria. Development and progression of atrial fibrosis is the hallmark of structural …