It is well established that the Earth's climate system has warmed significantly over the past
several decades, and in association there have been widespread changes in various other …

Many rivers of cold, and even temperate, regions of the globe are covered with ice for a part
of the year. Projections of future climate indicate that the duration, composition and extent of …

Climate change is projected to cause significant alterations to aquatic biogeochemical
processes,(including carbon dynamics), aquatic food web structure, dynamics and …

In general, the arctic freshwater-terrestrial system will warm more rapidly than the global
average, particularly during the autumn and winter season. The decline or loss of many …

Understanding global ecological patterns and processes, from biogeochemical to
biogeographical, requires broad‐scale macrosystems context for comparing and contrasting …

Despite the common view that conditions in winter strongly influence survival and population
size of fish, the ecology of salmonids has not been as extensively studied in winter as in …

The many components of seasonal adaptations in insects are reviewed, especially from the
viewpoint of aspects that must be studied in order to understand the structure and purposes …

Permafrost is a defining characteristic of the Arctic environment. However, climate warming
is thawing permafrost in many areas leading to failures in soil structure called thermokarst …

Water quality describes the physicochemical characteristics of the water body. These vary
naturally with the weather and with the spatiotemporal variation of the water flow, ie, the flow …

Path analyses of historical streamflow data from the Pacific Northwest indicate that the
precipitation amount has been the dominant control on the magnitude of low streamflow …