Urban open space provides various benefits to citizens, but the thermal environment of this
space is impacted by global warming and urban heat islands. A growing number of studies …

The urban forest is a green infrastructure system that delivers multiple environmental,
economic, social and health services, and functions in cities. Environmental benefits of …

The number of hot days is increasing in many parts of the world because of the heat island
phenomenon and global climate change. High air temperature greatly affects human …

Hong Kong suffers from an intense urban heat island (UHI) effect of up to 4° C as a result of
compact urban form and highly urbanized land cover. Enhancing the cooling efficiency of …

Trees behave in different ways on microclimate due to mainly distinct features of each
species and planting strategies especially in the tropics. This paper quantifies the daily and …

This chapter is aimed at analyzing a review of the empirical literature on some important
features of urban green spaces such as the components, functions, services, community …

Outdoor human comfort is an essential parameter to assess the quality of the urban
microclimate, and to provide guidelines for sustainable urban development. This paper …

This paper reviews frequently used outdoor thermal comfort indices in hot-humid regions
and neutral thermal ranges to offer guidelines for selecting an appropriate index for hot …

Shade plays an important role in designing pedestrian-friendly outdoor spaces in hot desert
cities. This study investigates the impact of photovoltaic canopy shade and tree shade on …

Urban overheating, driven by global climate change and urban development, is a major
contemporary challenge that substantially impacts urban livability and sustainability …