Bidirectional ty** combines two modes of ty**: type checking, which checks that a
program satisfies a known type, and type synthesis, which determines a type from the …

Siek and Taha [2006] coined the term gradual ty** to describe a theory for integrating
static and dynamic ty** within a single language that 1) puts the programmer in control of …

A recent trend in programming language research is to use behavioral type theory to ensure
various correctness properties of largescale, communication-intensive systems. Behavioral …

Language researchers and designers have extended a wide variety of type systems to
support gradual ty**, which enables languages to seamlessly combine dynamic and static …

Combining static and dynamic ty** within the same language offers clear benefits to
programmers. It provides dynamic ty** in situations that require rapid prototy** …

Typestate reflects how the legal operations on imperative objects can change at runtime as
their internal state changes. A typestate checker can statically ensure, for instance, that an …

Many languages are beginning to integrate dynamic and static ty**. Siek and Taha offered
gradual ty** as an approach to this integration that provides a coherent and full-span …

Gradual ty** is a discipline for integrating dynamic checking into a static type system.
Since its introduction in functional languages, it has been adapted to a variety of type …

The dynamic and reflective features of programming languages are powerful constructs that
programmers often mention as extremely useful. However, the ability to modify a program at …

In security-typed programming languages, types statically enforce noninterference between
potentially conspiring values, such as the arguments and results of functions. But to adopt …