It is accepted that most fungal avirulence genes encode virulence factors that are called
effectors. Most fungal effectors are secreted, cysteine-rich proteins, and a role in virulence …

Pathogenic fungi have diverse growth lifestyles that support fungal colonization on plants.
Successful colonization and infection for all lifestyles depends upon the ability to modify …

The pioneering research of Harold Flor on flax and the flax rust fungus culminated in his
gene‐for‐gene hypothesis. It took nearly 50 years before the first fungal avirulence (Avr) …

Brassica napus is an economically important crop across different continents including
temperate and subtropical regions in Europe, Canada, South Asia, China and Australia. Its …

Phytopathogenic fungi frequently contain dispensable chromosomes, some of which
contribute to host range or pathogenicity. In L eptosphaeria maculans, the stem canker …

Leptosphaeria maculans is the ascomycete responsible for one of the most damaging
diseases of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), stem canker of crucifers. Both avirulence (AvrLm) …

Extending the durability of plant resistance genes towards fungal pathogens is a major
challenge. We identified and investigated the relationship between two avirulence genes of …

The most common and effective way to control phoma stem canker (blackleg) caused by
Leptosphaeria maculans in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is through the breeding of …

Map-based cloning of avirulence genes of the AvrLm1-2-6 cluster was recently undertaken
in Leptosphaeria maculans and led to the identification of AvrLm1. The ensuing …

Leptosphaeria maculans is the most ubiquitous pathogen of Brassica crops, and mainly
oilseed brassicas (oilseed rape, canola), causing the devastating 'stem canker'or 'blackleg' …