There are four members of the JAK family and seven of the STAT family in mammals. The
JAK/STAT molecular pathway could be activated by broad hormones, cytokines, growth …

The liver carries out a wide range of functions ranging from the control of metabolites,
nutrient storage, and detoxification to immunosurveillance. While inflammation is essential …

Exhausted T cells express multiple co-inhibitory molecules that impair their function and limit
immunity to chronic viral infection. Defining novel markers of exhaustion is important both for …

Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are responsible
for most cases of viral hepatitis. Infection by each type of virus results in a different typical …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections account for 57% of
cases of liver cirrhosis and 78% of cases of primary liver cancer worldwide and cause a …

Hepatitis C virus has been identified a quarter of a decade ago as a leading cause of
chronic viral hepatitis that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Only a …

Background & Aims Chronic hepatitis C virus infection activates an intrahepatic immune
response, leading to increased expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes and …

Natural killer (NK) cells are enriched in lymphocytes within the liver and have unique
phenotypic features and functional properties, including tumor necrosis factor–related …

Five human hepatitis viruses cause most of the acute and chronic liver disease worldwide.
Over the past 25 years, hepatitis C virus (HCV) in particular has received much interest …

Despite development of new antiviral drugs, viral infections are still a major health problem.
The most potent antiviral defense mechanism is the innate production of type I interferon …