Microtubules are dynamic polymers of αβ-tubulin that are essential for intracellular
organization, organelle trafficking and chromosome segregation. Microtubule growth and …

Mitosis is controlled by reversible protein phosphorylation involving specific kinases and
phosphatases. A handful of major mitotic protein kinases, such as the cyclin B–CDK1 …

Phase separation of substrates and effectors is proposed to enhance biological reaction
rates and efficiency. Targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) is an effector of branching …

The γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) is the major microtubule nucleator in cells. The
mechanism of its regulation is not understood. We purified human γTuRC and measured its …

How microtubules (MTs) are generated in the cell is a major question in understanding how
the cytoskeleton is assembled. For several decades, γ-tubulin has been accepted as the …

Membraneless liquid compartments based on phase-separating biopolymers have been
observed in diverse cell types and attributed to weak multivalent interactions predominantly …

Microtubule nucleation is templated by the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC), but its structure
deviates from the geometry of α-/β-tubulin in the microtubule, explaining the complex's poor …

The cellular cytoskeleton self-organizes by specific monomer–monomer interactions
resulting in the polymerization of filaments. While we have long thought about the role of …

In contrast to well-studied fungal and animal cells, plant cells assemble bipolar spindles that
exhibit a great deal of plasticity in the absence of structurally defined microtubule-organizing …

Liquid–liquid phase separation, occurs not only in bulk liquid, but also on surfaces. In
physiology, the nature and function of condensates on cellular structures remain …