Organisms evolve in response to their natural environment. Consideration of natural
ecological parameters are thus of key importance for our understanding of an organism's …

Domesticated plants have long served as excellent models for studying evolution. Many
genes and mutations underlying important domestication traits have been identified, and …

Thousands of new metabolic and regulatory enzymes have evolved by gene duplication and
divergence since the dawn of life. New enzyme activities often originate from promiscuous …

The rate of adaptive evolution depends on the rate at which beneficial mutations are
introduced into a population and the fitness effects of those mutations. The rate of beneficial …

Genome editing technologies are being widely adopted in plant breeding. However, a
looming challenge of engineering desirable genetic variation in diverse genotypes is poor …

The hermaphroditic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been one of the primary model
systems in biology since the 1970s, but only within the last two decades has this nematode …

Promiscuity is the coincidental ability of an enzyme to catalyze its native reaction and
additional reactions that are not biological functions in the same active site. Promiscuity …

Gene copy-number variations are widespread in natural populations, but investigating their
phenotypic consequences requires contemporary duplications under selection. Such …

The germline definition in metazoans was first based on few bilaterian models. As a result,
gene function interpretations were often based on phenotypes observed in those models …

Adaptation to changing environmental conditions represents a challenge to parthenogenetic
organisms, and until now, how phenotypic variants are generated in clones in response to …