In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for
visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains …

Abstract Building Information Modeling (BIM) represents a new technology which supports
the creation and management of a construction project for buildings. The most well-known …

The building environment and evacuation behavior are decisive factors for building
evacuation performance. Shifting toward the use of agent-based models, many current …

Existing indoor navigation approaches such as navigation based on 2D geometries and pre-
defined routing remain insufficient for many applications such as emergency response …

Emergency response and pedestrian route planning rely highly on indoor–outdoor
geospatial data and a network model of the data; however, indoor geospatial data collection …

Increasing size and complexity of indoor structures and increased urbanization has led to
much more complication in urban disaster management. Contrary to outdoor environments …

3D geo-database research is a promising field to support challenging applications such as
3D urban planning, environmental monitoring, infrastructure management, and early …

3D geospatial information has always been a challenge due to a variety of data models,
resolutions and details, ways of representation (b-reps, voxel, SCG), etc. After 9/11 the …

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology which is currently emerging and it can be viewed
as a network of objects connected via. Internet, which aims to increase the availability of …

The aim of this paper is to present a broad perspective on applications dealing with 3D
building models and indoor navigation during an emergency. This is an immense topic …