Despite the fact that many animals live in groups, there is still no clear consensus about the
ecological or evolutionary mechanisms underlying colonial living. Recently, research has …

Animal Vigilance builds on the author's previous publication with Academic Press (Social
Predation: How Group Living Benefits Predators and Prey) by develo** several other …

Animals may perceive humans as a form of predatory threat, a disturbance, triggering
behavioral changes together with the activation of physiological stress responses. These …

Even though grou** behaviour has been actively studied for over a century, the relative
importance of the numerous proposed fitness benefits of grou** remain unclear. We use a …

How group size affects predator attack and success rate, and so prey vulnerability, is
important in determining the nonlethal consequences of predation risk on animal …

The shape of the function linking predator‐attack success rate with distance to predator‐
concealing cover, or prey refuge, will affect population dynamics, distribution patterns and …

Predation risk can influence behavior, reproductive investment, and, ultimately, individuals'
fitness. In high-risk environments, females often reduce allocation to reproduction, which can …

Vigilance allows individuals to escape from predators, but it also reduces time for other
activities which determine fitness, in particular resource acquisition. The principles …

According to current theory, anti‐predator benefits promote group formation in open‐
dwelling ungulates. An inverse relationship between vigilance effort and group size has …

Group size can vary in relation to population density, habitat, and season. Habitat and
season may also interact with population density and affect group size through varying …