Stroke is the leading cause of disability and thesecond leading cause of death worldwide.
With the global population aged 65 and over growing faster than all other age groups, the …

The process of poly (ADP-ribosyl) ation and the major enzyme that catalyses this reaction,
poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), were discovered more than 50 years ago. Since …

Rationale: The elderly experience profound systemic responses after stroke, which
contribute to higher mortality and more severe long-term disability. Recent studies have …

Context-dependent biological variation presents a unique challenge to the reproducibility of
results in experimental animal research, because organisms' responses to experimental …

In the last decade, the role of apoptosis in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI)
and AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression has been revisited as our …

Nearly all human complex traits and disease phenotypes exhibit some degree of sex
differences, including differences in prevalence, age of onset, severity or disease …

Biologic sex influences many variables that are important to brain health in general, and to
stroke or cerebral ischemia in particular, such as general health status, cerebrovascular …

Background For several decades, intermediate metabolism and signal transduction have
been considered two independent entities. On one side stood the catabolic and anabolic …

Regulated cell death (RCD) is either immunologically silent or immunogenic. RCD in
parenchymal cells may lead to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns that …

In May 2014, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced that it will ensure that
investigators account for sex as a biological variable (SABV) in NIH-funded preclinical …