Significance: The detrimental effects of ionizing radiation (IR) involve a highly orchestrated
series of events that are amplified by endogenous signaling and culminating in oxidative …

Hazardous chemicals in the environment and diet or their electrophilic metabolites can form
adducts with genomic DNA, which can lead to mutations and the initiation of cancer. In …

Exogenous and endogenous sources of chemical species can react, directly or after
metabolic activation, with DNA to yield DNA adducts. If not repaired, DNA adducts may …

Methylation of the fifth position of cytosine (5mC) is an important epigenetic modification of
DNA. It has been shown that the oxidized derivatives of 5mC, namely 5 …

The sixth DNA base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is the major oxidation product of the
epigenetic modification 5-methylcytosine (5mC), mediating DNA demethylation in mammals …

Acrylamide, acrolein, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are food-borne toxicants produced
during the thermal processing of food. The α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group or aldehyde …

The reactions between amines and carbon dioxide (CO2) are among the most commonly
used and important carbon fixation reactions at present. Microdroplets generated by …

The Multiethnic Cohort epidemiology study has clearly demonstrated that, compared to
Whites and for the same number of cigarettes smoked, African Americans and Native …

The dynamic landscape of cellular nucleotides/nucleosides associated with RNA
metabolism, particularly in diseases like cancer, has spurred intensive interest. Here, we …

Methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5-mdC), 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5-hmdC), 5-
methylcytidine (5-mrC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytidine (5-hmrC) are epigenetic marks of DNA …