Road traffic accidents, especially vehicle–pedestrian collisions in crosswalk, globally pose a
severe threat to human lives and have become a leading cause of premature deaths. In …

One of the main obstacles to the robust optimization for permanent magnet machines is the
high computational burden, which is mainly caused by the robustness evaluation process …

This article proposes a robust optimization method for hybrid permanent magnet (HPM)
machines, aiming to eliminate the influence of permanent magnets (PMs) asymmetric …

Ubiquitous uncertainty from design, fabrication, and assembly often leads to erratic or
infeasible cogging torque solutions, which observably enlarges the difficulty of the …

The design tolerances and material defects are frequently inevitable in the real
manufacturing process, where unexpected additional cogging torque might be caused as a …

This work is about tolerance analysis and robust optimization for electric machine design. A
general introduction is presented, where specific definitions for characterizing uncertainties …